The mcmahonhussein agreement of october 1915 was accepted by palestinians as a promise by the british that after world war one, land previously held by the turks would be returned to the arab nationals who lived in that land. What was the sykes picot agreement the sykes picot agreement. Mcmahon is best known for the mcmahon hussein correspondence with hussein bin ali, sharif of mecca, the mcmahon line between tibet and india and the declaration to the seven in response to a memorandum written by seven notable syrians. The husseinmcmahon correspondence july 1915august 1916. Media in category mcmahon hussein correspondence the following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was a protracted exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the future political status of the lands under the ottoman empire. Political intelligence department report, memorandum on british commitments to king hussein. The mcmahonhussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march.
Middle east centre archive st antonys college, oxford. Husaynmcmahon correspondence 24 october 1915 mcmahon. Can someone please explain what the mcmahonhussein. For the previous five years it had been hoped that the ambiguity of mcmahons promise to hussein would reprieve britain from any awkward commitments. Ali, emir of mecca, and sir henry mcmahon, the british high commissioner in egypt. Historical background mcmahon hussein correspondence 19151916promises arabs a state in the middle east in a region that includes palestine sykespicot agreement 1916splits up region between france and. In rare instances, a publisher has elected to have a zero moving wall, so their current issues are available. Letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon world. In a series of ten letters from 1915 to 1916 mcmahon tried to attract arab support against the ottoman empire.
The correspondence is composed of ten letters that were exchanged. One land claimed by two peoples israelpalestine remains the unanswered. Washington and jerusalem, institute for palestine studies, 2015, 194 pp. The israeliarab conflict the mcmahon hussein correspondence 1916 1. Hussein, and very many arab people, considered palestine to be purely arab. Cmd 5974 report of a committee set up to consider certain correspondence between sir henry mcmahon and the sharif of mecca in 1915 and 1916.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Gb1650324 pamphlets, reports, newspaper cuttings and correspondence relating to the arab development society, the life of its founder musa alami and details of the societys legacy and supporters. Check all spelling, punctuation and grammar before turning it in. A letter from british high commissioner sir henry mcmahon. By allying with the british and helping to defeat the ottomans, the arabs did earn a national arab state in the middle east. Sir henry mcmahon 18621949, british high commissioner in cairo, negotiated in 191516 with husayn ibn ali, the sherif of mecca. Media in category mcmahonhussein correspondence the following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. Mcmahonhussein correspondence wikisource, the free. A letter from british high commissioner sir henry mcmahon to sharif hussein of mecca from sir henry mcmahon, 24 october 1915 i have received your letter of the 29th shawal, 33, with much pleasure and your expressions of friendliness and sincerity have. Text of the mcmahon correspondence containing the text of the mcmahon hussein correspondence in english and arabic 19151916, copies of foreign office letters with a.
With great cheerfulness and delight i received your letter dated the 19th shawal, 33 the 30th august, 1915, and have given it great consideration and regard, in spite of the impression i received from it of ambiguity and its tone of coldness and hesitation with regard to. The balfour declaration was a public statement issued by the british government in 1917 during the first world war announcing support for the establishment of a national home for the jewish people in palestine, then an ottoman region with a small minority jewish population. The moving wall represents the time period between the last issue available in jstor and the most recently published issue of a journal. Complete document in pdf format requires acrobat reader. Translation of a letter from mcmahon to husayn, december 14, 1915 after customary greetings and acknowledgment of previous letter. Reflecting this, husseins opening gambit, his letter of 14 july 1915, was certainly a bold one. The mcmahonhussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march 1916.
Mcmahonhussein correspondence, the mcmahon line lieutenant colonel sir arthur henry mcmahon, gcmg, gcvo, kcie, csi, kstj 28 november 1862 simla, british india 29 december 1949 london, united kingdom, was a british diplomat and indian army officer who served as the high commissioner in egypt from 1915 to 1917. But, the arabs claim the mcmahon hussein correspondence, a series of letters in 1915 and 1916 exchanged between henry mcmahon, the viceroy of egypt at the time, and sharif hussein, the guardian of mecca, outlines a promise by england to the arabs to sponsor an arab kingdom that would cover most of the arab world with hussein as king. Mcmahon s promise to hussein, roger spooner summarises the effective sweeping under the imperial carpet of any mention of the mcmahon hussein correspondence. The mcmahonhussein correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during world war i in which the united kingdom government agreed to recognize arab independence after the war in exchange for the sharif of mecca launching the arab revolt against the ottoman empire. If you have ever taken a course on the modern middle east or the arabisraeli conflict you will have had to study the hussein mcmahon correspondence if you studied in britain you may know it as the mcmahon hussein correspondence. The husaynmcmahon correspondence refers to the ten letters exchanged between husayn ibn ali, king of hejaz c. Mcmahon september 9, 1915 edit with great cheerfulness and delight i received your letter dated the 19th shawal, 33 august 30, 1915 and have given it great consideration and regard, in spite of the impression i received from it of ambiguity and its tone of coldness and hesitation with regard to our essential point. The husseinmcmahon correspondence jewish virtual library. The mcmahonhussein agreement was to greatly complicate middle east history. The husseinmcmahon correspondence conspicuously fails to mention palestine. The mcmahonhusayn correspondence 1915 exchange of correspondence between sharif husayn of mecca and sir henry mcmahon, his majestys high commissioner at cairo, 1915. Mcmahon, in his letter to hussein of 24 october 1915, named the wilayahs of damascus, homs, hama, and aleppo as being the ottoman territories in, and to the east of which, but not to the. The mcmahonhussein correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during world war i in which the united kingdom government agreed to.
Although thisdirectlycontradictednumerouspreviousgovernment documents. Beginning in the summer of 1915, sir henry mcmahon 18621949, british high commissioner in cairo, exchanged letters with hussein ibn ali 1853541931, the sherif of mecca. The controversy isaiah friedman is talking about the hussein mcmahon correspondence, and the rightful ownership and national connection to the land west of the jordan river. The mcmahon promise to hussein the balfour project. Husaynmcmahon correspondence international encyclopedia of.
Conflicting british government interpretations of the hussein mcmahon correspondence of 1915, showing interpretations from 1918 and 1922. The entire correspondence was published in english first by george antonius, the arab awakening london, 1938, and next in a british white paper, cmd. Jul 04, 20 below is the letter sir henry mcmahon wrote to sharif hussein in october 2015. The mcmahon hussein correspondence, the balfour declaration, and the jewish national home, by j. The mcmahon hussein correspondence angloamerican historiography or the mcmahon hussein agreement russian papers. Encyclopedia of jewish and israeli history, politics and culture, with biographies, statistics, articles and documents on topics from antisemitism to zionism. Translation of a letter from sharif husayn of mecca to sir henry mcmahon, his majestys high commissioner at cairo, july 14, 1915. Letter from sir henry mcmahon to sharif hussein, october. The israeliarab conflict the london conference 1939. While britain did fulfill the commitments of the mcmahonhussein correspondence somewhat by creating the state of transjordan now jordan ruled by hashemite king abdullah, palestine became the british mandate of palestine or mandatory palestine.
The correspondence had a significant impact on middle eastern history during and after the war, and a dispute over palestine continued thereafter. In general terms, the correspondence effectively traded british support of an independent arab state in exchange. The mcmahon agreement altahrir, news of islam, muslims. Sep 18, 2010 the mcmahonhussein correspondence, was an exchange of letters between july 14, 1915 to january 30, 1916, during world war i. Mcmahon, in his letter to hussein of 24 october 1915, named the wilayahs of damascus, homs, hama, and aleppo as being the ottoman territories in, and to the east of which, but not to the west of which, hmg was prepared to recognize and uphold arab independence. This is the first in the sequence of letters that came to be known as the mcmahonhussein correspondence.
Below is the letter sir henry mcmahon wrote to sharif hussein in october 2015. The mcmahon hussein correspondence was not published until 1939 contradictory promises mcmahons promise to hussein the sykespicot agreement 1916. In these letters, which became known as the hussein mcmahon correspondence, mcmahon agreed to support hussein s request for. The arab representatives on the committee appointed to discuss the mcmahon correspondence have listened with the greatest interest to the statement made by the lord chancellor at the second meeting of the committee on the 24th february, 1939 and have most carefully read the written memorandum of the same date, entitled the mcmahon husain. Drawing lines of development in a new and open space. Sharif husayn s son in 1919, when in his communication with the american, felix frankfurter and with the zionist leader, chaim weizmann, he recognized jewish presence in palestine see faisalweizmann letters. Most of the controversy arises from an october 24, 1915 letter in which sir henry spelled out the exceptions britain was. Wwi document archive 1915 documents letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon the mcmahon letter from the israelarab reader, 3rd ed. Mcmahonhussein correspondence n 10 translation of a letter from mcmahon to hussein dated 30. It was between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt. Mcmahon is be st known for the mcmahonhussein correspondence.
Conflicting british government interpretations of the. The aims of this paper are to outline the angloarab diplomatic match in the middle east throughout 19151939 and to represent two main approaches that exist in historiography. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, the balfour declaration and the jewish national home j. Throughout his long reign 19531999, hussein remained a dominant figure in middle eastern politics and a consistent proponent of peace with israel. Hussein s interest in throwing off his turkish overlords converged with britains war aim of defeating the ottomans. The confusion arose from one small phrase in the correspondence between mcmahon and hussein. What was the sykes picot agreement the sykes picot agreement was a secret from hist 338a at catholic university of america. Korespondensi mcmahonhussein wikipedia bahasa indonesia. The british promiseagreement to the arabs for an arab state preceded any such agreement with the jews for a jewish state in israel.
The mcmahon husayn correspondence and its interpretations. July 14, 1915 march 10, 1916 exchange of correspondence between sharif hussein of mecca and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in cairo. The mcmahonhussein correspondence and the question of. To his excellency the most exalted, the most eminentthe british high commissioner in egypt. Mcmahons promise to hussein, roger spooner summarises the effective sweeping under the imperial carpet of any mention of the mcmahon hussein correspondence. The file consists of a confidential printed report entitled sherif of mecca. Land that cannot be said to be purely arab was excluded from the agreement as far as the british were concerned. Historiography of the hussein mcmahon correspondence the. The mcmahon hussein correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during world war i in which the united kingdom government agreed to recognize arab independence after the war in exchange for the sharif of mecca launching the arab revolt against the ottoman empire. Although thisdirectlycontradictednumerouspreviousgovernment documents,thosedocumentswerenotknowntothepublicatthetime.
It was made in a letter from arthur james balfour, the british foreign secretary, to lionel walter rothschild, 2nd baron rothschild of tring, a leader of the anglojewish community. The british argued the omission had been intentional, thereby justifying their refusal to grant the arabs independence in palestine after the war. Mcmahon was british high commissioner in egypt and ali ibn husain was the. Picot agreement o balfour declaration o british mandates o white paper of 1939 be sure to sign your name at the end. Oct 06, 2009 the first major account of the life of an extraordinary soldier and statesman, king hussein of jordan. Korespondensi mcmahon hussein, atau korespondensi hussein mcmahon, adalah serangkaian sepuluh surat yang saling dibalas dari juli 1915 sampai maret 1916, pada perang dunia i, antara hussein bin ali, syarif makkah, dan letkol sir henry mcmahon, komisioner tinggi inggris untuk mesir, terkait status politik lahan di bawah kekaisaran utsmaniyah. I am gratified to observe that you agree to the exclusion of the districts of mersina and adana from boundaries of the arab territories. Before that are several articles expanding on britains duplicity over ww1 and after. The mcmahon hussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march 1916 mcmahon was british high commissioner in egypt and ali ibn husain was the sherif of mecca during the first world war. Letter from sir henry mcmahon to sharif hussein, october 24.
Macmahons correspondence with sharif husayn 1915 in a letter dated the 24th of october, 1915, sir henry mcmahon, then his majestys high commissioner in egypt, promises the sharif of mecca, husayn ibn ali, to recognise and support the independence of the arabs within the territories proposed by him. Suffice to say, mandatory palestine was not received well, and the arabs felt betrayed by britain. In july 1915, hussein sent a letter to sir henry mcmahon, the high commissioner for egypt, informing him of the terms for arab participation in the war against. Mcmahon correspondence text and debate file entitled committee on pledges. The area promised to the arabs in mcmahons letter of oct 1915 excluded.
Hussein was now in a position to secure a premium from the british for leading a revolt against the turks. The mcmahon hussein correspondence, or the hussein mcmahon correspondence, was an exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 1 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the political status of lands under the ottoman empire. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was a protracted exchange of letters july 14, 1915 to january 30, 1916 1 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the future political status of the lands under the ottoman empire. Feinstein seminar syllabus seminar description the discussion in this seminar will focus on the application of international law to subjects including. The mcmahonhusain correspondence handed in by the united. Letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon. Mcmahonhussein correspondence military wiki fandom. Jan 26, 2015 in 1920 there were discussions in whitehall on the mcmahonhussein correspondence comparing the english and arabic translations. The report contains transcriptions of correspondence, a statement by a messenger described below, and notes relating to sherif hosayn, the sherif shereef of mecca. Text of the mcmahon correspondence containing the text of the mcmahonhussein correspondence in english and arabic 19151916, copies of foreign office letters with a list of proposed changes to the english. The mcmahon hussein correspondence concessions to france that did not extend to the four towns that alfaruqi had named. Mcmahon hussein correspondence, the mcmahon line lieutenant colonel sir arthur henry mcmahon, gcmg, gcvo, kcie, csi, kstj 28 november 1862 simla, british india 29 december 1949 london, united kingdom, was a british diplomat and indian army officer who served as the high commissioner in egypt from 1915 to 1917. In 1915 sir henry mcmahon, british high commisioner in egypt, offered sherif hussein of mecca an independent arab state if he would help the british fight against the ottoman turks.